Ich berechne Ihnen nur die tatsächlich anfallenden Kosten. In the 1550s, after the Tsardom of Russia had defeated the Khanate of Kazan and proceeded to gradually annex the lands of the Bashkirs, the Russians finally reached the southern part of the mountain chain. At some point in the past, parts of the currently existing Ural region were considered a gateway to Siberia, or even Siberia itself, and were combined with the Volga administrative the divisions. The first ample geographic survey of the Ural Mountains was completed in the early 18th century by the Russian historian and geographer Vasily Tatishchev under the orders of Peter I. [7] Finno-Ugrist scholars consider Ural deriving from the Ostyak word urr meaning "chain of mountains". Moving to the south, the meadow steppes become more sparse, dry and low. Many lands are cultivated. Posikunchiki. The conservation measures include establishing national wildlife parks. During the 17th century the first deposits of iron and copper ores, mica, gemstones and other minerals were discovered in the Ural. The population of all cities and urban settlements in the Ural Federal District with more than 20,000 inhabitants according to census results and latest official estimates. Southern Ural is most diverse in the forest composition; here together with coniferous forests also abundant are other tree species such as larch, oak, birch, maple and elm. [3], In the 17th century rich and high-quality mineral deposits were discovered in the Ural region. [4][5][6] Possibilities include Bashkir үр "elevation; upland" and Mansi ур ала "mountain peak, top of the mountain",[7] V.N. The historical center of the Ural is Cherdyn, nowadays it is a small town in Perm Krai. URAL Motorcycles GmbH. Irbit hosted the biggest fair of the Urals. Extreme levels of air, water, and radiological contamination and pollution by industrial wastes resulted. Russia, 1826. Iron and copper smelting works emerged. The largest industrial and commercial centers were Perm, Yekaterinburg, Orenburg, Ufa, Kungur and Irbit. The forests are much sparser in the Polar Urals. Over the next century, the region was studied by scientists from a number of countries, including Russia (geologist Alexander Karpinsky, botanist Porfiry Krylov and zoologist Leonid Sabaneyev), the United Kingdom (geologist Sir Roderick Murchison), France (paleontologist Édouard de Verneuil), and Germany (naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, geologist Alexander Keyserling). The nomadic people of the south used to breed horses, but are mostly settled now and are involved in agriculture, especially growth of wheat, potato, melons and watermelons. [3][4], Urals contains 48 species of economically valuable ores and minerals. Transportation of the output of the smelting works to the markets of European Russia necessitated the construction of the Siberian Route from Yekaterinburg across the Ural to Kungur and Yegoshikha (Perm) and further to Moscow, which was completed in 1763 and rendered Babinov's road obsolete. Answer 1 of 11: Hello everybody! The Near-Polar Ural is wider (up to 150 km) and higher than the Polar Ural. Bashkirs form the largest indigenous group of the region. Placing tourists is expected at the tourist camp in the countryside. It might have been borrowed from either Turkic "stone belt"[2] (Bashkir, where the same name is used for the range), or Ob-Ugric. [23] The eastern slopes of the Southern and Central Urals have most of these, among the largest of which are the Uvildy, Itkul, Turgoyak, and Tavatuy lakes. The Northern Ural is dominated by Siberian species of fir, cedar, spruce and pine. The range includes the Ilmensky Mountains separated from the main ridges by the Miass. Valleys of the rivers contain willow, poplar and caragana shrubs. After the war, in 1947–1948, Chum – Labytnangi railway, built with the forced labor of Gulag inmates, crossed the Polar Ural. The Middle and Southern Ural were still largely unavailable and unknown to the Russian or Western European geographers. In 1648 the town of Kungur was founded at the western foothills of the Middle Ural. The Northern Urals are dominated by conifers, namely Siberian fir, Siberian pine, Scots pine, Siberian spruce, Norway spruce and Siberian larch, as well as by silver and downy birches. Der Ural (russisch Урал, Уральские горы; auch Uralgebirge genannt) ist ein bis 1895 m hohes und rund 2200 km langes Gebirge, das sich in Nord-Süd-Richtung durch den mittleren Westen Russlands erstreckt und einen Teil der asiatisch-europäischen Grenze darstellt. There are many birds of prey such as lesser kestrel and buzzards. The mountain range forms part of the conventional boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia. [3], Ural forests are inhabited by animals typical of Siberia, such as elk, brown bear, fox, wolf, wolverine, lynx, squirrel and sable (north only). After the defeat of Khanate of Kazan in 1552, the Russian influence expanded to the most parts of Bashkortostan and Udmurtia. Ural Interregional Research and Education Center ‘Advanced Industrial Technologies and Materials’ Center will unify scientific potential of Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk and Kurgan regions. This is because of low precipitation and the relatively warm climate resulting in less snow and more evaporation. River valleys contain willow, poplar and caragana shrubs.[4]. [3], At the beginning of the 2nd millennium, the primitive society of Ural started transforming to feudal relations. Steppes lie mostly in the southern and especially south-eastern Urals. Mechanical factories were established in Yekaterinburg, Perm, Izhevsk and others cities, and chemical industry was developed in Berezniki. The long-term exploitation of the factory workers resulted in establishment of Social Democratic committees demanding improvements of working conditions. In 1745 gold was discovered in the Ural at Beryozovskoye and later at other deposits. Series 'Views of the Ural Mountains'. This brought a severe industrial crisis, fuel shortages, disruption of transport, reduction of agricultural production and the deterioration of the life conditions. The ridges of the Ural Mountains are elongated from north to south, they effectively absorb sunlight thereby increasing the temperature. [3] From the 13th century, in Bashkortostan there has been a legend about a hero named Ural who sacrificed his life for the sake of his people who then poured a stone pile over his grave, which later turned into the Ural Mountains. It is the second largest copper producer in Russia. Generally, the western rivers have higher flow volume than the eastern ones, especially in the Northern and Nether-Polar regions. In the Southern Ural frequent are badger and black polecat. and a network of markets spread over Ural. Three Ural's plants gave 66% of Soviet tanks and mobile artillery units. The line will have a speed of 300 kilometres per hour. They became active around the 14th century when a number of settlements were established in the Northern Ural and attributed to Veliky Novgorod. Nevertheless, Ural lost its status of the main metallurgical area to the South of Russia. During the next few centuries Novgorodians engaged in fur trading with the local population and collected tribute from Yugra and Great Perm, slowly expanding southwards. The eastern mountain slopes have light coniferous taiga forests. There are many caves, sinkholes and underground streams. [4], The western slope of the Ural Mountains has predominantly karst topography, especially in the Sylva basin, which is a tributary of the Chusovaya. [17] The adjacent Pay-Khoy Ridge to the north and Novaya Zemlya are not a part of the Uralian orogen and formed later. "The Ural mountains". The Ural Mountains (/ˈjʊərəl/; Russian: Ура́льские го́ры, tr. The average January temperatures increase in the western areas from –20 °C in the Polar to –15 °C in the Southern Urals and the corresponding temperatures in July are 10 °C and 20 °C. The Stroganovs' land provided the staging ground for Yermak's incursion into Siberia. Heimat im Ural. Both Polar and Nether-Polar Urals are typically Alpine; they bear traces of Pleistocene glaciation, along with permafrost and extensive modern glaciation, including 143 extant glaciers. A magnified image of one of the nano coils found in the Ural Mountains. Both factories were actually founded by Tatishchev's successor, Georg Wilhelm de Gennin, in 1723. In the Middle Urals, one can see a rare mixture of sable and pine marten named kidus. They have rich resources, including metal ores, coal, and precious and semi-precious stones. The Western Urals contain deposits of coal, oil, natural gas (Ishimbay and Krasnokamsk areas) and potassium salts. More than 60 factories were built in the first half of the 18th century and this number doubled in the 1750–60s. The birds of these areas include rough-legged buzzard, snowy owl, tundra partridge, and rock ptarmigan.[1][4]. At around 9:20 a.m. on Friday, 15 February 2013, an astronomical incident occurred, known as the 2013 Russian meteor event. The southern rivers – Ural, Kama, Belaya and Chusovaya Rivers – belong to the Caspian Sea basin. It is composed of severely eroded sedimentary rocks (sandstones and limestones) that are about 350 million years old. [3], The climate of Ural is continental. The highest precipitation, approximately 1,000 mm (39 in), is in the Northern Urals with up to 1,000 cm (390 in) snow. [3][4], Steppes of the Southern Urals are dominated by hares and rodents such as gophers, susliks and jerboa. The Ural forests are inhabited by animals typical of Siberia, such as elk, brown bear, fox, wolf, wolverine, lynx, squirrel, and sable (north only). [1] The rivers Chusovaya and Belaya were first mentioned in the chronicles of 1396 and 1468, respectively. New giant plants were raised in Magnitogorsk (1932, iron and steel production), Bereznikovskiy (1932, Chemistry), Sverdlovsk (1933, Heavy Machinery), Chelyabinsk (1933, tractors), Solikamsk (1934, potassium), Krasnokamsk (1936, pulp and paper), Novotagilsk (metallurgy) and others. The border between Europe and Asia runs along the Eastern side of the Ural Mountains. Ural Federal District is a federal district of the Russian Federation located within the Urals and Western Siberia, formed on May 13, 2000.. Many northern tribals still continue their traditional activities, including fishing, hunting and animal husbandry (reindeer). Yermak crossed the Ural from the Chusovaya to the Tagil around 1581. The Polar Ural has an area of about 25,000 km2 and a strongly dissected relief. While the latter follows the historical borders, the former is a political product; the District omits Western Ural and includes Western Siberia instead. In the more northerly regions, dark conifers are common, and, in the Northern Urals, the Siberian cedar is widespread. The Central Ural is the lowest part of Urals, with the highest mountain of 994 m (Basegi) and a smooth relief. [17][18][19][20] Unlike the other major orogens of the Paleozoic (Appalachians, Caledonides, Variscides), the Urals have not undergone post-orogenic extensional collapse and are unusually well preserved for their age, being underlaid by a pronounced crustal root. Of the people injured, 311 were children who were at school at the time. It is a vast territory which includes major cities like Yekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk, as well as parts of the polar areas. [1][4], The Central Ural are the lowest part of the Ural, with smooth mountain tops, the highest mountain being 994 m (3,261 ft) (Basegi); they extend south from the river Ufa. In the 1840s, regular commercial navigation started on the Kama River. Faced with the threat of having a significant part of the Soviet territories occupied by the enemy, the government evacuated many of the industrial enterprises of European Russia and Ukraine to the eastern foothills of the Ural, considered a safe place out of reach of the German bombers and troops. [25], This article is about the land formation. It is considered a part of Eurasian Steppe, extending approximately from the North to the South; from the Arctic Ocean to the end of Ural River near Orsk city. A belt of low mountains and plateaus 1,150 to 1,500 feet (350 to 460 metres) high flanks the Ural Mountains proper along the eastern edge of the Russian Plain. I had an idea to organize a tourist route in the Ural hinterland (villages, natural monuments) and to Ekaterinburg. [3] Ural mostly lies within Russia but also includes a small part of Northwestern Kazakhstan. It has eventually replaced the Ufa – Chelyabinsk section as the main trunk of the Trans-Siberian railway. In this federal district, as in the Central Federal District, there are no national republics, only regions (including the Yamal-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi - Yugra autonomous okrugs that are parts of the Tyumen region). REUTERS/Alexander Winning ''Nizhny-Tagil Factory Pond and Lisya Mountain in the Middle Urals''. Ural Federal District - Overview. Nowadays Ural economic region does not have an administrative and informal capital, whereas Yekaterinburg is the administrative center of the Ural Federal District. The Ural Mountains or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan. They include Tawatui, Argazi, Uvildy and Turgoyak. The polar forests are low and are mixed with swamps, lichens, bogs and shrubs. The western areas also receive more rainfall than the eastern ones by 150–300 mm (5.9–11.8 in) per year. The speciality of Urals is precious and semi-precious stones, such as emerald, amethyst, aquamarine, jasper, rhodonite, malachite and diamond. In 1920–21, the industrial production was at the 12% level of that in 1913, but by 1925–26 it recovered to 93% and in 1937 reached 700%. They have high and long (2–3 months) floods in May–June (June–July in the Polar Ural). Vaygach Island and the island of Novaya Zemlya form a further continuation of the chain on the north. [1], The Ural Mountains contain about 48 species of economically valuable ores and economically valuable minerals. (1898). [8] Turkologists, on the other hand, have achieved majority support for their assertion that 'ural' in Tatar means a belt, and recall that an earlier name for the range was 'stone belt'.[9]. Employees work at the Ural Automotive Plant (UralAZ) in the town of Miass in the Ural mountains, Russia, March 22, 2016. [4], The relief of the Southern Ural is more complex, with numerous valleys and parallel ridges directed south-west and meridionally. The largest lakes are on the east of the Central and Southern Urals. Ural, Russia visibility is going to be around 4 km i.e. An absolute regional treat, this traditional Ural dish is virtually unknown elsewhere, yet … Mining, metallurgy, and manufacturing form the core of the Ural’s production output – all vital for Russia’s economic health. Since c. 1850 most cartographers have regarded the Urals and the Ural River to the south of them as the eastern boundary of Europe, geographically recognized as a subcontinent of Eurasia . The Nazis rejected the notion that these mountains demarcated the border of Europe, at least in a cultural … The western areas are dominated by dark coniferous taiga forests which change to mixed and deciduous forests on the south. Marking the border between Europe and Asia, the Ural Mountains (Урал) stretch from the Kara Sea in the north to Kazakhstan in the south. About goals and projects; Global-Scale Research. The daytime temperature is going to reach -10 °c and the temperature is going to dip to -14 °c at night. The Northern Ural consists of a series of parallel ridges with the height up to 1,000–1,300 m and longitudinal depressions, which are elongated from north to south. In 1574 they founded Ufa. Several sites were discovered from the late Paleolithic (35–10 thousand years ago) including the Kapova Cave. [4] The Virgin Komi Forests in the northern Urals are recognized as a World Heritage site. Tatishchev returned to the Ural on the order of Empress Anna to succeed de Gennin in 1734–1737. [25], The region served as a military stronghold during Peter the Great's Great Northern War with Sweden, during Stalin's rule when the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Complex was built and Russian industry relocated to the Urals during the Nazi advance at the beginning of World War II, and as the center of the Soviet nuclear industry during the Cold War. The eastern side is dominated by basalts. They live in the Southern Ural and speak a language of the Turkic group. The overall resulting damage from the shock wave was estimated at $33,000,000. In 1896 this section became a part of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Between January-March 2017, total trade turnover into the Urals rose $101.1 million against 2016’s levels to hit a high of $2.2 billion. To the south, the meadow steppes become more sparse, dry and low. The salt industry was developed in Solikamsk. Davis, W.M. The majority of the Urals population (about 80%) is however Russians, who are mostly concentrated in the cities of the Central and Southern Urals and are involved in the industry. Customs was established in Verkhoturye shortly thereafter and the road was made the only legal connection between European Russia and Siberia for a long time. It offers free WiFi. [4], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}60°00′N 60°00′E / 60.000°N 60.000°E / 60.000; 60.000, Current administrative divisions of Urals, Last edited on 11 December 2020, at 20:09, "Указ Президента РФ от 13 мая 2000 г. N 849 "О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе" (Decree No 849 by the President of Russia on 13 May 2000)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ural_(region)&oldid=993659628, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 December 2020, at 20:09. They extend for more than 225 km (140 mi) south to the Shchugor. Tatischev believes that this oronym is set to "belt" and associates it with the Turkic verb oralu- "gird". The best time of year to visit Kamensk-Ural'skiy in Russia. In 1946, most plants were converted into non-military directions. Rivers and lakes are used as a water supply, transport routes and for waterlogging. 2 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1018 mb. The eastern mountain slopes have light coniferous taiga forests. [1][4], The mountains contain a number of deep lakes. In the Neolithic period, tribes have formed which became the basis of the Uralic language community, and mixed (Mongoloid, europoid) anthropological type. Some rooms also feature a fireplace, spa bath and kitchenette. [3], The Northern Urals is home to Uralic speaking people like Udmurts, Mari, Komi, Mansi and Khanty people. The collision lasted nearly 90 million years in the late Carboniferous – early Triassic. Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak (1852–1912) Pavel Bazhov (1879–1950), as well as Aleksey Ivanov and Olga Slavnikova, post-Soviet writers, have written of the region. Hawks believes that the name goes back to the Bashkir folklore Ural-Batyr. Farther to the north, in the Central Urals, boreal forests (taiga) of spruce, fir, pine, and larch grow on the mountain, podzolic soils. The maximum height is 1,499 m (4,918 ft) at Payer Mountain and the average height is 1,000 to 1,100 m (3,300 to 3,600 ft). [3], By topography and other natural features, Ural is divided, from north to south, into the Polar (or Arctic), Near-Polar (or Sub-Arctic), Northern, Central and Southern parts. [1] There are nine strict nature reserves in the Urals: the Ilmen, the oldest one, mineralogical reserve founded in 1920 in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Pechora-Ilych in the Komi Republic, Bashkir and its former branch Shulgan-Tash in Bashkortostan, Visim in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Southern Ural in Bashkortostan, Basegi in Perm Krai, Vishera in Perm Krai and Denezhkin Kamen in Sverdlovsk Oblast. The average January temperatures increase in the western areas from −20 °C (−4 °F) in the Polar to −15 °C (5 °F) in the Southern Urals and the corresponding temperatures in July are 10 °C (50 °F) and 20 °C (68 °F). The birds of those areas include rough-legged buzzard, snowy owl and rock ptarmigan.[3][4]. As attested by Sigismund von Herberstein, in the 16th century Russians called the Ural range by a variety of names derived from the Russian words for rock (stone) and belt. [7] I.G. They formed during the Uralian orogeny due to the collision of the eastern edge of the supercontinent Laurasia with the young and rheologically weak continent of Kazakhstania, which now underlies much of Kazakhstan and West Siberia west of the Irtysh, and intervening island arcs. The steep gravelly slopes of mountains and hills of eastern slopes of the Southern Ural are mostly covered with rocky steppes. During the war, Ural accounted for 40% of the Soviet military production. In the Central Ural, one can meet a rare mixture of sable and pine marten named kidus. By topography and other natural features, the Urals are divided, from north to south, into the Polar (or Arctic), Nether-Polar (or Sub-Arctic), Northern, Central and Southern parts. The manufacturing facilities are based at the Ural Railway Engineering Plant in Verkhnyaya Pyshma, which was incorporated into the Sinara Group in 2004.. Since the 18th century the mountains have contributed significantly to the mineral sector of the Russian economy. In particular, those entities include parts of Volga and Siberia, and do not include areas belonging to Kazakhstan. First joint-stock companies appeared on the Ural in the second half of the 19th century, including those with foreign capital. The deepest lake (136 m) is Bolshoe Schuchye. Austria E. office@ural.at. The western slopes south of the border between the Komi Republic and Perm Krai and the eastern slopes south of approximately 54°30'N drain into the Caspian Sea via the Kama and Ural basins. Three giant tank factories were established at the Uralmash in Sverdlovsk (as Yekaterinburg used to be known), Uralvagonzavod in Nizhny Tagil, and Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant in Chelyabinsk. He sacrificed his life for the sake of his people, and they poured a stone pile over his grave, which later turned into the Ural Mountains. Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye, the deepest lake in the Polar Urals, is 136 meters (446 ft) deep. The company owns about 50 … The specialty of the Urals is precious and semi-precious stones, such as emerald, amethyst, aquamarine, jasper, rhodonite, malachite and diamond. Because of the easy accessibility of the mountains there are no specifically mountainous species. In the summer, South and Central Urals are visited by songbirds, such as nightingale and redstart. Intensive weathering has produced vast areas of eroded stone on the mountain slopes and summits of the northern areas. A-4614 Marchtrenk. The first railway across the Ural had been built by 1878 and linked Perm to Yekaterinburg via Chusovoy, Kushva and Nizhny Tagil. The mountain ridges, elongated from north to south, effectively absorb sunlight thereby increasing the temperature. Small rocky meteorite fragments were discovered near an eight-metre crater, believed to have been created by the impact, in an ice-covered reservoir near the town of Chebarkul.
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